As a gardener, there is no doubt that you want your garden soil to be fertile. But instead of buying fertilizers to add to your soil, you should focus on how to maximize the diversity, population and health of your soil organisms.
Some practices are harmful to the soil, such as monoculture, harsh chemicals and excessive tillage.
The alternative to these harmful practices is to imitate natural soil ecology.
1. Keep the diversity and population density of soil organisms
Rotate crops from different families in succeeding seasons. Use different forms of organic materials, such as composts, mulches, cover crops, etc.
2. Use source of fertility nearby
Nitrogen-fixing plants (legumes) can increase soil nitrogen for heavier-feeding crops. Use fallen leaves and crop residues to make compost or as mulch. Obtain manure from nearby farms.
3. Maintain soil structure
Plant crops in wide beds. Do not compact soil by walking on planting area. Keep soil covered with mulch or cover crop. Use a broadfork to loosen soil instead of a power tiller.
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